關於七天鑑賞期的企業營利? - 消費者保護
By Jacky
at 2011-09-24T03:40
at 2011-09-24T03:40
Table of Contents
還是打篇新文章解釋一下
有些重複的部分,複製貼上使文章條理較順暢
另補充消保會意見
消保法字第0960012078號
主旨】
台端函詢網拍買賣家於交易完成後,買家提出退貨退費,其
相關費用之負擔等問題一案,復如說明,請參考。
一、台端96年12月26日電子郵件敬悉。
二、按「郵購或訪問買賣之消費者,對所收受之商品不願買受
時,得於收受商品後七日內,退回商品或以書面通知企業
經營者解除買賣契約,無須說明理由及負擔任何費用或價
款。郵購或訪問買賣違反前項規定所為之約定無效。契約
經解除者,企業經營者與消費者間關於回復原狀之約定,
對於消費者較民法第259條之規定不利者,無效。」及「消
費者依本法第19條第1項規定以書面通知解除契約者,除當
事人另有特約外,企業經營者應於通知到達後一個月內,
至消費者之住所或營業所取回商品。」分別為消費者保護
法(以下簡稱消保法)第19條及同法施行細則第20條所明
定,有關 台端來函所詢相關費用分擔問題,參照前揭消
保法規定,消費者既無需負擔任何費用,依特別法優先普
通法適用之原則,有關民法第378條所揭示之各項費用,應
由企業經營者負擔之(參閱學者朱柏松教授所著「消費者
保護法論」第371頁)。
三、次按消保法施行細則第17條規定「消費者因檢查之必要或
因不可歸責於自己之事由,致其收受之商品有毀損、滅失
或變更者,本法第19條第1項規定之解除權不消滅。」有關
台端所詢拆封或食用消耗之問題,倘係因檢查之必要或因
不可歸責於消費者之事由,消費者之解除權不消滅。
定型化契約中可能包含由企業主單方擬定之一般約
款,亦包含由雙方磋商之特別約款
消保施行細則二十條乃任意規定,得由雙方協議排除
之,尚不得由企業主單方聲明而排除本法之適用;則
企業主挾其優勢單方面排除任意規定,與該任意法規
立法意旨顯相違背者乃誠信之違反,應屬無效
(同書20頁,373頁)
未與消費者磋商,要無以一般約款排除本法細則二十條
適用之餘地
該判決謂企業主應負擔商品寄回之義務,
自無得以存證信函單方面請求消費者寄回
消費者雖主動寄回商品,尚不得謂兩造
有合意轉嫁寄回義務於消費者之特約,此觀
理由中違反細則二十條致商品滅失之風險
由企業主負擔等可查;又,本案既非兩造合意
變更義務主體及風險負擔之方法,則關於寄回
費用,自無使消費者負擔之理
※ 編輯: Fiesta2010 來自: 118.168.92.136 (09/09 18:46)
消費者負擔等情形,無礙消費者選擇權之存在,甚至於企業主以單方面聲明為之,亦屬無效
(此之選擇權,指消費者欲以口頭,書面或者以寄回商品為解約之意思表示,
其效果不因細則20條之規定,或者業主之一般約款排除20條適用而有異)
補充:口頭發生無條件解約之效力乃晚近實務見解,參閱
臺灣宜蘭地方法院民事簡易判決 100,宜簡,28
臺灣雲林地方法院民事小額判決 97,六小,402
台南地方法院 94,小上,115
台南地方法院 98,南消小,1
依消費者保護法第19條第1 項之立法理由及法律規範之客觀目的,
本條項關於解除契約之行使方式以書面為之之規定,其規範目的乃
基於保全證據,有助於確定法律行是否成立及其內容而為之規定,
並非強制規定解除契約之意思表示必須以書面之要式行為
同頁註118說明,其無效之理由乃企業主之片面聲明違反消保法第19條第二項而無效;
該項明文,違反十九條第一項所為之"約定"為無效,顯見施行細則第20條所言之"特約"乃
特別約款之謂,並非由一般條款即足以排除企業主之取回義務以及費用負擔
若是企業主之單方面聲明乃消費者不可預見之突襲性約款,屬於約款不成立之範疇;其於
契約成立時點以後,單方面提出費用轉嫁之要求,充其量亦僅為新要約,殊無適用消保法
第十九條第二項"無效"之處
因此,書中所言"企業主之單方面聲明",乃一般條款之謂
--
有些重複的部分,複製貼上使文章條理較順暢
另補充消保會意見
消保法字第0960012078號
主旨】
台端函詢網拍買賣家於交易完成後,買家提出退貨退費,其
相關費用之負擔等問題一案,復如說明,請參考。
一、台端96年12月26日電子郵件敬悉。
二、按「郵購或訪問買賣之消費者,對所收受之商品不願買受
時,得於收受商品後七日內,退回商品或以書面通知企業
經營者解除買賣契約,無須說明理由及負擔任何費用或價
款。郵購或訪問買賣違反前項規定所為之約定無效。契約
經解除者,企業經營者與消費者間關於回復原狀之約定,
對於消費者較民法第259條之規定不利者,無效。」及「消
費者依本法第19條第1項規定以書面通知解除契約者,除當
事人另有特約外,企業經營者應於通知到達後一個月內,
至消費者之住所或營業所取回商品。」分別為消費者保護
法(以下簡稱消保法)第19條及同法施行細則第20條所明
定,有關 台端來函所詢相關費用分擔問題,參照前揭消
保法規定,消費者既無需負擔任何費用,依特別法優先普
通法適用之原則,有關民法第378條所揭示之各項費用,應
由企業經營者負擔之(參閱學者朱柏松教授所著「消費者
保護法論」第371頁)。
三、次按消保法施行細則第17條規定「消費者因檢查之必要或
因不可歸責於自己之事由,致其收受之商品有毀損、滅失
或變更者,本法第19條第1項規定之解除權不消滅。」有關
台端所詢拆封或食用消耗之問題,倘係因檢查之必要或因
不可歸責於消費者之事由,消費者之解除權不消滅。
→ phantomli:但從該細則第20條卻導出另一個問題,若企業經營者用定型09/09 14:51
→ phantomli:化契約與消費者以「特約」明訂運費由消費者負擔,除了該09/09 14:51
→ phantomli:定型化契約顯失公平之情形外,似乎無法違反契約自由,而09/09 14:53
→ phantomli:變成仍由消費者負擔。@@?09/09 14:53
特別約款係有別於一般條款之效果,不可等同齊觀; 定型化契約中可能包含由企業主單方擬定之一般約
款,亦包含由雙方磋商之特別約款
消保施行細則二十條乃任意規定,得由雙方協議排除
之,尚不得由企業主單方聲明而排除本法之適用;則
企業主挾其優勢單方面排除任意規定,與該任意法規
立法意旨顯相違背者乃誠信之違反,應屬無效
(同書20頁,373頁)
未與消費者磋商,要無以一般約款排除本法細則二十條
適用之餘地
→ phantomli:然再下不太明白引文末判決的用意,不過還是非常感謝提供09/09 14:55
→ phantomli:資訊~)09/09 14:55
台北地方法院 100,北消小,5 該判決謂企業主應負擔商品寄回之義務,
自無得以存證信函單方面請求消費者寄回
消費者雖主動寄回商品,尚不得謂兩造
有合意轉嫁寄回義務於消費者之特約,此觀
理由中違反細則二十條致商品滅失之風險
由企業主負擔等可查;又,本案既非兩造合意
變更義務主體及風險負擔之方法,則關於寄回
費用,自無使消費者負擔之理
※ 編輯: Fiesta2010 來自: 118.168.92.136 (09/09 18:46)
推 phantomli:關於需以特別磋商約款使為特約,這點就無法同意,這從根09/14 09:55
→ phantomli:本去架空了定型化契約,有過度解釋之嫌。09/14 09:55
關於此,同書374頁前三行業已說明,企業主以單方聲明,由企業主取回商品,費用應由 消費者負擔等情形,無礙消費者選擇權之存在,甚至於企業主以單方面聲明為之,亦屬無效
(此之選擇權,指消費者欲以口頭,書面或者以寄回商品為解約之意思表示,
其效果不因細則20條之規定,或者業主之一般約款排除20條適用而有異)
補充:口頭發生無條件解約之效力乃晚近實務見解,參閱
臺灣宜蘭地方法院民事簡易判決 100,宜簡,28
臺灣雲林地方法院民事小額判決 97,六小,402
台南地方法院 94,小上,115
台南地方法院 98,南消小,1
依消費者保護法第19條第1 項之立法理由及法律規範之客觀目的,
本條項關於解除契約之行使方式以書面為之之規定,其規範目的乃
基於保全證據,有助於確定法律行是否成立及其內容而為之規定,
並非強制規定解除契約之意思表示必須以書面之要式行為
同頁註118說明,其無效之理由乃企業主之片面聲明違反消保法第19條第二項而無效;
該項明文,違反十九條第一項所為之"約定"為無效,顯見施行細則第20條所言之"特約"乃
特別約款之謂,並非由一般條款即足以排除企業主之取回義務以及費用負擔
若是企業主之單方面聲明乃消費者不可預見之突襲性約款,屬於約款不成立之範疇;其於
契約成立時點以後,單方面提出費用轉嫁之要求,充其量亦僅為新要約,殊無適用消保法
第十九條第二項"無效"之處
因此,書中所言"企業主之單方面聲明",乃一般條款之謂
→ phantomli:另該判決所闡釋者,只為施行細則之規定於該案情形適用結 09/14 09:58
→ phantomli:果,企業經營者違背取回義務。由此而生的其餘結論,有點 09/14 09:59
→ phantomli:望文生義得太遠了~ 09/14 09:59
理由同上,取回義務既然在於企業主,即無片面轉嫁費用與消費者之理 --
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