尼龍與聚酯纖維 - 戶外用品
By Barb Cronin
at 2010-04-10T02:02
at 2010-04-10T02:02
Table of Contents
推 SYOTEN:纖維本身耐光 耐熱的各種物性吧 汽車好像多用聚酯纖維 04/09 23:18
如果是指抗UV的能力的話 其實在聚合單元裡加個苯環就很容易辦到了
因為共軛結構能讓分子的吸收波長紅移(能量降低)
單一個苯環的最大吸收波長是255nm 大概是落在UVC的範圍
只要加上單元裡的其他雙鍵結構 很容易就讓能量再降低進入UVB UVA的範圍
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyester
維基的第二行有提到 所謂的Polyester大部份是指PET
而PET的結構裡就剛好有個苯環
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate
所以用在汽車上做為抗UV的材料是很正常的
我們當然也可以把苯環用在尼龍材料上
事實上著名的抗撕裂材料Kevlar 就是把Nylon 6,6的烷鍊全換成苯環
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
把烷鍊換成苯環 除了增加抗UV的效果
中間原本六(四)個碳的直鍊長度 現在明顯縮小了 重量卻只減少幾個氫而已
可以想像這樣的材料密度一定會增加 (Kevlar應該會比Nylon 6,6重)
再加上苯環之間有所謂的 pi-pi stacking
(平面的苯環結構 因為電子軌域的關係六角型一圈的上面和下面電子密度最大
http://www.molphys.leidenuniv.nl/monos/smo/basics/images/benzene.gif
當兩個苯環重疊時 上下兩個苯環的電子軌域重疊 會形成分子之間的鍵結)
強度勝過一般烷鍊之間的凡德瓦爾力
因此聚合長鍊之間會更緊密的堆積 受外力時也較不容易被拉開
造成Kevlar勝過一般尼龍的抗撕裂能力
用在汽車上重量基本上不是問題
我比較想知道的是戶外衣物用的聚脂纖維是不是也是以PET為主....
還是以其他材料 混紡部份的PET纖維增加抗UV
這個部份的化學概念比較多且難
但是一般衣物成份上也不會標示聚合單體結構 所以懂了其實幫助不大XD
不過還是很歡迎大家再提出討論啦
為了寫這些我也增加了不少相關知識的說XD
--
好耑耑的我是怎麼了
竟然.....
--
Tags:
戶外用品
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